Permanent magnet propulsion system

ABSTRACT

This invention is a propulsion system for a train that uses permanent magnets mounted on a rotating iron cylindrical plate carrying a radial current in order to create a spacetime curvature distortion which pulls the locomotive along the track.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is a propulsion system for a train that utilizes spinningcylindrical magnets in order to create a spacetime pressure distortionahead of the vehicle that pulls the locomotive along the track.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At the present time, referring to FIG. 1, proposed permanent magnetpropulsion systems use a dual railway track (A) supporting a series ofcoil windings (B) located along the track. The vehicle is attached totwo permanent magnets (D) between steel pole pieces (C). The north poleof each magnet faces the interior pole piece such that the magnetic fluxpath (E) follows the center pole piece up through the railway bed andthen back to the south pole of the magnet. As the magnets move along thetrack, the coil windings are activated at the correct time by Hallsensors. With the coil energized as a north pole, the permanent magnetnorth pole is repelled which drives the vehicle along the track Theproblem with this design, and other similar designs, is that it is notpractical to wind huge numbers of sensor-activated electrical coilsalong a steel track.

From Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, it is known that aspacetime curvature pressure develops perpendicular to direction ofvibration of the electric and magnetic field. As an example, the photonhas an electric field vibrating in the vertical y-direction and amagnetic field vibrating in the horizontal x-direction. The spacetimecurvature pressure is therefore along the z-axis of radiation whichpushes the negative mass of the photon along. Thus in order to create aspacetime curvature pressure in the z-direction along the track whichwould pull the train forward, a magnetic flux density field is requiredin the radial direction.

Referring to FIG. 2, four equally-spaced north permanent magnets (B)surrounding a centrally-located south permanent magnet (C) are mountedon an iron cylinder which acts as the radial flux return path. Themagnetic flux density field (D) is in the radial direction from thenorth pole to the south pole. In order to provide strength, the magnetsare molded onto a steel shaft and coated with epoxy so that they don'trust. During the molding process, a capacitor-discharge magnetizer isused to create the magnetic field of the magnet.

In Cartesian coordinates {−ct,x,y,z}, the elemental spacetime length dssquared is the sum of the squares of the incremental lengths{cdt,dx,dy,dz}(ds)²=−(dt)²+(dx)²+(dy)²+(dz)²where the speed of light c is unity. The coefficients (−1,1,1,1) of thisequation make up the g metric 4×4 tensor   [t  x  y  z]$g_{\alpha\beta} = \begin{matrix}t & {- 1} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\x & {0} & 1 & 0 & 0 \\y & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\z & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1\end{matrix}$

The Faraday electromagnetic tensor contains the magnetic fields whichdetermine how the spacetime length ds is curved. For a magnetic fluxdensity field in the x-direction, Bx, and a magnetic flux density fieldin the y-direction, By, the Faraday tensor is   t  x  y  z$F_{\beta}^{\alpha} = \begin{matrix}t & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\x & 0 & 0 & 0 & {- {By}} \\y & 0 & 0 & 0 & {Bx} \\z & 0 & {By} & {- {Bx}} & 0\end{matrix}$The stress-energy-momentum tensor T, which determines how space iscurved, is calculated from the following equation${4\pi\quad T^{\mu\quad v}} = {{F^{\mu\alpha}F_{\alpha}^{v}} - {\frac{1}{4}g^{\mu\quad v}F_{\alpha\beta}F^{\alpha\beta}}}$The stress-energy in the z-direction ahead of the locomotive is$T^{zz} = {\frac{B_{x}^{2} + B_{y}^{2}}{8\pi} = \frac{B_{r}^{2}}{8\pi}}$where the sum of the squares of the fields in the x and y directions isthe radial B field. In Einstein's General Relativity Theory, thecurvature G tensor is equal to the stress-energy tensor divided by 8π.The G tensor is the curvature of space having units of inverse radiussquared. $G = \frac{T}{8\pi}$Therefore the curvature G_(zz) generated along the z-direction ahead ofthe train is proportional to the square of the magnetic flux densityfield$G_{zz} = {\frac{1}{r^{2}} = {{\frac{G\quad ɛ}{c^{2}}\frac{B_{r}^{2}}{8\pi}} = \frac{1}{{meter}^{2}}}}$where G is Newton's gravitational constant (not to be confused with thecurvature tensor), ε is the linear capacitance of space, and c is thespeed of light. The linear mass of space Ω is the speed of light csquared divided by the gravitational constant G, so that the equationcan be written as${\frac{G\quad ɛ}{c^{2}}\frac{B_{r}^{2}}{8\pi}} = {{\frac{\quad ɛ}{\Omega}\frac{B_{r}^{2}}{8\pi}} = {\frac{1}{\frac{\Omega}{ɛ}}\frac{B_{r}^{2}}{8\pi}}}$where the conversion factor is the square of the magnetic vectorpotential A$\sqrt{\frac{\Omega}{ɛ}} = {\frac{{kg}\quad m}{\sec\quad{coul}} = A}$which is actually the momentum per charge. Therefore the curvatureequation can be written as$\frac{1}{r^{2}} = {\frac{1}{8\pi}\left( \frac{B_{r}}{A} \right)^{2}}$This equation shows that it is necessary to create a magnetic vectorpotential together with the radial magnetic flux density field in orderto create a curvature of space. Looking at the units of A shows that itis a mass momentum per charge$A = {{\frac{kg}{\sec}\frac{m}{coul}} = \frac{m\quad\omega^{2}r}{I}}$or a mass m rotating with angular velocity c) per current along theradius. In terms of the invention, what this means is that the mass ofthe iron cylinder has to be rotating and there has to be a radialelectrical current I in order to produce the linear charge along theradius. The differential mass dm depends on the circumference times thedifferential radius dr, the mass density p, and the length L of thecylinderdm=ρ2πrLdrso that the magnetic vector potential becomes$A = {{\int_{0}^{R}{\frac{\rho\quad 2\pi\quad{rL}\quad\omega^{2}r}{I}\quad{\mathbb{d}r}}} = {\frac{2}{3}R^{3}\rho\quad\pi\quad L\frac{\omega^{2}}{I}}}$The value of A for the iron cylinder is L = .2m$\rho = {7866\frac{kg}{m^{3}}}$ R = 1m ω = 2  π  f = 6.28  sec⁻¹I = 3000000  amp $A = {{.04335}\frac{{kg}\quad m}{\sec\quad{coul}}}$Br = 1.2tesla${\frac{1}{8\quad\pi}\left( \frac{Br}{A} \right)^{2}} = {30.47m^{2}}$$r_{curvature} = {{\sqrt{8\quad\pi}\left( \frac{A}{Br} \right)} = {{.181}m}}$What makes this possible is that the new N-machines can easily generatea minimum of 6 million amps which is twice the value of the electricalcurrent above.

Referring to FIG. 3, the assembly consists of a large induction motor(A) mounted on the train's base plate (B) driving a motor shaft (C)attached to the iron cylinder (D). The shaft is held in place by twothrust bearings mounted in two pillow blocks (E,F). Thecurrent-generating N-machine (G) is electrically connected by a copperbus (H) to a copper-beryllium brush (I) on the motor shaft with asimilar return brush (J) on the edge of the iron cylinder. The current(K) flows through the motor shaft to the center of the rotating cylinderand then radially outward to the edge. The magnetic flux density flowsfrom the north poles of the outer permanent magnets to the central southpole, along the central magnet to the center of the rotating cylinderand then radially outward to the south poles of the outer magnets.

The thrust F developed is the radius of curvature of spacetime r_(c)calculated above times the magnet flux density field times the current I$F = {\frac{r_{c}B_{r}I}{\sqrt{8\quad\pi}} \approx {30000{lbf}}}$Using conservation of tensor coordinates, the radius of curvature is inthe z-direction, the magnetic flux density field is in the radialdirection and the current is in the radial directionF ^(z) =x ^(z) B _(r) I ^(r)where the radial indices cancel, leaving the z-index as the direction ofthe force.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is the object of this invention to create a spacetime curvature infront of a train locomotive in order to pull the vehicle along the trackIt is known from gravitational physics that a spacetime curvature isgenerated perpendicular to the direction of vibration of the electricand magnetic field. A radial magnetic field, which can be produced bypermanent magnets attached to the flat faces near the rim of a ironcylinder rotating about the z-axis, will create a curvature in thez-direction. Four cylindrical north-pole-oriented magnets produce aradial magnetic flux density with is channeled into a centralcylindrical south-pole-oriented magnet. The flux lines then flowradially outward through the steel rotating cylinder and reconnect withthe south poles of the four outer magnets. The rotating iron cylindergenerates the equivalent of a magnetic vector potential when anelectrical current flows from the center of the cylinder to the edge.This current is generated by an N-machine current generator. The squareof the magnetic flux density divided by the magnetic vector potential isequal to the spacetime curvature. The square root of the inverse of thespacetime curvature is the radius of curvature. The thrust developed isthis radius of curvature times the magnetic flux density field times thecurrent.

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1. Perspective view of proposed permanent magnetic propulsionsystem using coil windings on the steel track.

FIG. 2. Perspective view of permanent magnet rotor assembly.

FIG. 3. Perspective view of system showing motor drive, N-machine andpermanent magnet rotor.

FIG. 4. Perspective view of locomotive and rotor/magnet assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

-   1. The permanent magnets are made of neodymium-iron-boron material    which is heated to its melt temperature and injection molded around    a steel shaft threaded at one end while at the same time a pulsed    magnetic field is applied to the material using a charge-discharge    magnetizer. Because of the iron in the material, a coat of epoxy is    applied to the magnet in order to protect it from the environment.    Holes are drilled into the iron plate 90° apart near the rim,    threaded, and then the steel shaft with the magnet is then inserted.    Another hole is drilled and tapped in the center of the circular    plate for attaching the south pole magnet which is used as the    return path for the magnetic flux.-   2. Another easier way to make the magnets is to purchase short    lengths of tubular NdFeB magnets and then stack them on the steel    shaft with a cylindrical iron pole piece on the end of the shaft.    The pole piece then holds the magnets down in place when the shaft    is threaded into the plate.-   3. Referring to FIG. 4, the propulsion system is mounted inside the    train cabin such that the rotor/magnet assembly extends out in front    of the locomotive where the spacetime curvature is generated.

1. A train propulsion system consisting of the following components: a.a rotating iron cylindrical plate rotor of high relative permeabilitydriven by an induction motor and horizontal steel motor shaft mounted inpillow block thrust bearings; b. four cylindrical magnets, each moldedto a steel support shaft threaded into the iron plate at 90° intervalsaround the rim of the plate with their north poles facing away from theplate; c. a fifth cylindrical magnet molded to a steel support shaftwhich is threaded into the center of the iron plate with the south polefacing away from the plate; d. an N-machine current generator supplyinga radial electrical current from the center of the rotating plate bymeans of a copper-beryllium brush on the motor shaft (1 a) and anothersimilar brush on the outside edge of the rotor. e. a locomotive train onwhich the components are mounted such that the rotor/magnet assemblyextends out in front of the locomotive with the rotor's angular velocityvector pointing along the track.
 2. a closed magnetic flux path along aradial path in air from the north poles of the four outer magnets (1 b)to the south pole of the central magnet (1 c), through the center magnetand then radially outward through the rotor (1 a), returning backthrough the four outer magnets, such that the flux and electricalcurrent (1 d) flow in the same outward radial direction through therotor.
 3. the creation of a spacetime curvature due to claims (1 athrough 2) that produces a large force on the locomotive equal to theradius of the spacetime curvature times the flux times the current.